Bluetooth utilizes frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology to avoid interference problems. The ISM 2.4 GHz band is 2400 to 2483.5 MHz, and Bluetooth uses 79 radio frequency channels in this band, starting at 2402 MHz and continuing every 1 MHz. It is these frequency channels that Bluetooth technology is “hopping” over.
One of the techniques Bluetooth technology uses to overcome interference and find a clear transmission path that avoids packet collision is the application of a form of frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) called adaptive frequency hopping (AFH). At each connection event, a pair of connected devices have the opportunity to use their radios to exchange packets at precisely timed intervals.
By rapidly hopping between different frequencies within this band, Bluetooth can avoid interference from other devices transmitting on the same frequency.
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